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Irrigation and Hydraulic Engineering
Irrigation and Hydraulic Engineering
Hydraulic engineering is intimately related to the design of bridges, dams, channels, canals, and levees.
The main objective of Irrigation engineering is to create irrigation potential in the drought prone areas, upland areas and upkeep of the existing projects to enhance the agriculture productivity per unit of water with increased water use efficiency.
Geosynhteics can be used for construction or erosion protection- bridges, dams, canals, lift irrigation project.
The various geosynthetics are used for canal construction include nonwoven geotextiles, HDPE geomembranes, PET/PP geogrids, and 3D Geocomposite Drain. They perform the functions of filtration, drainage, and impermeability, depending on the application.
While HDPE geomembranes are impermeable sheets, geonets are made of HDPE and find use as 3D geocomposite drain. Geotextiles, on the other hand, are an added protective layer to the geomembranes, making them puncture resistant. Geogrids serve as reinforcement to support the lining system where there is poor subgrade.
Products Used
Seepage losses from canals could be effectively minimized by providing an impervious medium, known as Lining, between the porous soil and the water flowing in the system. Lining of canals can significantly reduce seepage losses during conveyance.
Concrete filled Geocell Systems: This type of lining is more elastic than other hard surface linings and can adjust itself to moderated differential settlements of the underlying soil. In order to ensure a good degree of impermeability in this type of lining it is recommended to install a geomembrane or asphaltic layer under the geocell.
Gabion Mattress Lining: The type of lining is preferable over rigid and conventional linings due to its flexibility, durability, stability against differential settlement, high flow currents and flow induced drag forces.
3D concrete mat is the fabric is flexible and can be shaped! But after the material in the space between the lower and upper faces has set, the fabric becomes very rigid and can be used as a structural Element in a wide range of situations. Once it is set, It forms impermeable layer.
Products Used
A series of check dams create backwater by flattening the river slopes and reducing the velocities.
A weir or low head dam is a barrier across the width of a river that alters the flow characteristics of water and usually results in a change in the height of the river level. Weirs are also used to control the flow of water for outlets of lakes, ponds, and reservoirs. Weirs are used to prevent flooding, measure water discharge, and help render rivers more navigable by boat.
Check dam/Weir Dam can be constructed using Gabion mattress / Sack Gabions along with nonwoven geotextile as filter media.
